The Nevus Lipomatosus Superficialis of Face: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Nevus lipomatosus superficialis (NLS) is a hamartoma of adipose tissue, rarely reported in the past 100 years. We treated one case, and we conducted a systematic review of the literature. A 41-year-old man presented with a cutaneous multinodular lesion in the posterior region near the right auricle. The lesion was excised and examined histopathologically. To review the literature, we searched PubMed with the keyword "NLS." The search was limited to articles written in English and whose full text was available. We analyzed the following data: year of report, nation of corresponding author, sex of patient, age at onset, duration of disease, location of lesion, type of lesion, associated symptoms, pathological findings, and treatment. Of 158 relevant articles in PubMed, 112 fulfilled our inclusion criteria; these referred to a total of 149 cases (cases with insufficient clinical information were excluded). In rare cases, the diagnosis of NLS was confirmed when the lesion coexisted with sebaceous trichofolliculoma and Demodex infestation. Clinical awareness for NLS has increased recently. NLS is an indolent and asymptomatic benign neoplasm that may exhibit malignant behavior in terms of huge lesion size and specific anatomical location. Early detection and curative treatment should be promoted.

Significant CO2 emission in the shallow inshore waters of the southeastern Yellow Sea in 2020.

This study investigated the carbonate system and air-sea CO2 exchange in the inshore waters along South Korea's western coastline in 2020. Overlooking these waters might introduce significant errors in estimating air-sea CO2 fluxes of the southeastern Yellow Sea, given their interaction with land, offshore regions, and sediments. During periods other than summer, seasonal variations in seawater CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) could be generally explained by thermal effects. Tidal mixing and shallow depths resulted in weaker stratification-induced carbon export compared to offshore regions. However, during summer, inshore waters exhibited high spatial variability in pCO2, ranging from approximately 185 to 1000 µatm. In contrast to offshore waters that modestly absorbed CO2, inshore waters shallower than 20 m emitted ∼100 Gg C yr-1 to the atmosphere. However, considering the high heterogeneity of the study area, additional observations with high spatial and temporal resolution are required to refine estimates of air-sea CO2 exchange.

The Interplay of Mycosporine-like Amino Acids between Phytoplankton Groups and Northern Krill (Thysanoessa sp.) in a High-Latitude Fjord (Kongsfjorden, Svalbard).

We investigated pigment and mycosporine-like amino acid (MAA) concentrations of phytoplankton and Northern krill (Thysanoessa sp.) in sub-Arctic Kongsfjorden. Chlorophyll a (Chl-a) concentrations in the surface and middle-layer water were 0.44 µg L-1 (±0.17 µg L-1) and 0.63 µg L-1 (±0.25 µg L-1), respectively. Alloxanthin (Allo, a marker of cryptophytes) was observed at all stations, and its mean values for surface and middle-layer water were 0.09 µg L-1 (±0.05 µg L-1) and 0.05 (±0.02 µg L-1), respectively. The mean MAA-to-Chl-a ratios at the surface (3.31 ± 2.58 µg (µg Chl-a)-1) were significantly higher than those in the middle-layer water (0.88 ± 0.49 µg (µg Chl-a)-1), suggesting that these compounds play an important role in reducing UV photodamage. In gut pigment levels of Northern krill, the most abundant accessory pigment was Allo (2.79 ± 0.33 µg g-1 dry weight; d.w.), as was the accumulation of Chl-a (8.29 ± 1.13 µg g-1 d.w.). The average concentration of MAAs was 1.87 mg g-1 d.w. (±0.88 mg g-1 d.w.) in krill eyes, which was higher than that in all other body parts (0.99 ± 0.41 mg g-1 d.w.), except for the gut. Thysanoessa sp. was found to contain five identified MAAs (shinorine, palythine, porphyra-334, mycosporine-glycine, and M-332) in the krill eye, whereas shinorine and porphyra-334 were only observed in the krill body, not the eyes and gut. These findings suggest that Northern krill accumulate MAAs of various compositions through the diet (mainly cryptophytes) and translocate them among their body parts as an adaptation for photoprotection and physiological demands.

Production of mycosporine-like amino acids of in situ phytoplankton community in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard, Arctic.

The spatial distribution of UV-absorbing compounds (mycosporine-like amino acids, MAAs), was investigated by comparing the phytoplankton community structures in the inner and outer waters of the Kongsfjorden inlet, which is located in arctic Svalbard. Thalassiosira sp. and Phaeocystis sp. were dominant in the outer waters of the Kongfjorden inlet, demonstrating high chlorophyll a (chl a) concentrations and low MAA concentrations in the outer bay waters. However, Kongsfjorden Bay was dominated by Phaeocystis sp. and demonstrated high MAA concentrations despite low chl a concentrations. The carbon fixation rate at a station located inside Kongsfjorden Bay (T05) was significantly photo-inhibited by UV radiation, demonstrating higher production rates of MAA and chl a than at a station (B09) in outer bloom waters. Additionally, the turnover rates of individual MAAs were faster inside the Kongsfjorden Bay than in the outside waters. As a result, the natural phytoplankton community demonstrated different UV adaptation mechanisms according to the phytoplankton species, in this case, Thalassiosira sp. vs. Phaeocystis sp. It is possible to understand real-time changes for newly photosynthesized MAAs as UV-absorbing compounds in the natural phytoplankton community. This takes place via determination of in situ MAA production rates using (13)C tracer and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) combined with an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (irMS).

Development of a nursing practice guideline for pre and post-operative care of gastric cancer patients.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to develop nursing practice guidelines and algorithms for the pre- and postoperative care of gastric cancer patients. METHODS: The guidelines and algorithms were developed based on a literature review and subject-matter experts' knowledge. The usefulness and applicability of the developed guidelines and algorithms were evaluated by the expert group. RESULTS: The guidelines comprised 64 recommendations and algorithms for admission care, preoperative care on the day before the operation, preoperative care on the operation day, immediate postoperative assessment, postoperative care, and discharge care of gastric cancer patients. After appropriate evaluation, the experts declared the guidelines to be both useful and applicable. CONCLUSIONS: The guidelines developed in this study can be used for patient care and for training nursing students and novice nurses. In addition, these guidelines can be integrated into the electronic nursing record system for clinical decision support in the future. This will improve the quality of clinical nursing and the expertise of nurses.

Evaluation of the completeness of the nursing process for patients having gastrectomy using electronic nursing records.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate recording completeness of the nursing process. We compared nursing statements documented at the time when the Electronic Nursing Record (ENR) system, based on the ICNP, was implemented in 2004 with those documented in 2007. The ENRs for 35 gastrectomy patients in each year were selected for evaluation. The selected data were 11,822 nursing statements in 2004 and 27,870 in 2007. The results indicated a significant increase in the completeness of the nursing process in 2007. In addition, the number of nursing diagnosis increased by 5.1 times. The most contributing factor for this increase is assumed to be nurse education.

[A study on behaviors for preventing recurrence and quality of life in breast cancer survivors].

PURPOSE: This study was to identify behaviors preventing the recurrence of breast cancer and the level of quality of life. METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted using a structured questionnaire from November 1, 2006 to December 25, 2006. One hundred and twenty two women breast cancer survivors were recruited by convenience sampling. RESULTS: The most frequent behavior for preventing recurrence of the breast cancer was dietary treatment (90.9%) and exercise (86.8%) was the second behavior. In addition, most of them perceived these behaviors as 'very effective' (82.8%). The degree of the quality of life of a breast cancer survivor was 5.34 point indicating a 'medium level'. CONCLUSION: Breast cancer survivors pursued various behaviors for preventing recurrence of breast cancer. Therefore, the nursing interventions should be focused on a systematic educational approach considering healthy behaviors to prevent breast cancer recurrence for breast cancer survivors.

Characterization of site-specific recombination by the integrase MJ1 from enterococcal bacteriophage phiFC1.

Bacteriophage phiFC1 integrase (MJ1) was previously shown to perform a site-specific recombination between a phage attachment site (attP) and a host attachment site (attB) in its host, Enterococcus faecalis, and also in a non-host bacterium, Escherichia coli. Here, we investigated biochemical features of MJ1 integrase. First, MJ1 integrase could perform in vitro recombination between attP and attB in the absence of additional factors. Second, MJ1 integrase interacted with att sites. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting revealed that MJ1 integrase could efficiently bind to all the att sites and that MJ1 integrase recognized relatively short sequences (approximately 50 bp) containing an overlapping region within attB and attP. These results demonstrate that MJ1 integrase indeed catalyzes an integrative recombination between attP and attB, the mechanism of which might be simple and unidirectional, as found in serine integrases.

Effects of thyroxine on hyperkalemia and renal cortical Na+, K+ - ATPase activity induced by cyclosporin A.

Cyclosporin A (CsA)-induced hyperkalemia is caused by alterations in transepithelial K+ secretion resulting from the inhibition of renal tubular Na+, K+ -ATPase activity. Thyroxine enhances renal cortical Na+, K+ -ATPase activity. This study investigated the effect of thyroxine on CsA-induced hyperkalemia. Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with either CsA, thyroxine, CsA and thyroxine, or olive-oil vehicle. CsA resulted in an increase in BUN and serum K+, along with a decrease in creatinine clearance, fractional excretion of potassium, and renal cortical Na+, K+ -ATPase activity, as compared with oil vehicle administration. Histochemical study showed reduced Na+, K+ -ATPase activity in the proximal tubular epithelial cells of the CsA-treated compared with the oil-treated rats. Histologically, isometric intracytoplasmic vacuolation, disruption of the arrangement and swelling of the mitochondria, and a large number of lysosomes in the tubular epithelium were characteristic of the CsA-treated rats. Co-administration of thyroxine prevented CsA-induced hyperkalemia and reduced creatinine clearance, Na+, K+ -ATPase activity, and severity of the histologic changes in the renal tubular cells when compared with the CsA-treated rats. Thyroxine increased the fractional excretion of potassium via the preservation of Na+, K+ -ATPase activity in the renal tubular cells. Thus, the beneficial effects of thyroxine may be suited to treatment modalities for CsA-induced hyperkalemia.